George Orwell argued that authoritarian cultural campaigns are unsustainable because they attempt to create history rather than learn from it. This results in superficial literature that lacks depth. In contrast, free societies foster intellectual liberty and a genuine understanding of history, leading to more enduring art. For example, Soviet propaganda aimed to inspire but often fell short, revealing the gap between its portrayal of reality and the lived experiences of individuals.
Art as propaganda has historically been effective, especially with the rise of mass media. In the U.S., various administrations have utilized art to influence public perception, such as the Committee on Public Information during World War I and the War Advertising Council in World War II. However, there have been instances of government interference in the arts, such as Richard Nixon's monitoring of anti-war activists and the imposition of standards by Congress on the National Endowment for the Arts.
Donald Trump's cultural campaign is noted for its distinct visual style and overt messaging. His administration made significant alterations to cultural institutions, including the Kennedy Center and the White House, and attempted to reshape narratives in museums. Trump's executive order aimed to restore what he termed 'truth and sanity' to American history, leading to controversies over censorship and the removal of exhibits. Despite these efforts, artists have continued to express themselves freely, and some institutions have resisted the administration's influence.
Orwell's assertion that imagination cannot thrive in captivity remains relevant, as the Trump era presents a challenge to free expression in the arts.