Analysis of U.S.-China Policy on Critical Minerals Supply Chain

The U.S. has declared national emergencies regarding its critical mineral supply chain vulnerabilities, highlighting reliance on Chinese-dominated supply chains as a national security risk. Despite clear policy goals, actual practices show significant reliance on global traders integrated with Chinese markets, exemplified by Mercuria Energy Group's extensive ties to Chinese state entities. To secure critical minerals, the U.S. must enhance scrutiny of intermediaries and ensure supply chain transparency.