A report from the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) estimates that total casualties in the Russia-Ukraine war have exceeded 2 million, with approximately 600,000 deaths. The report, released on July 6, 2026, indicates that Russian casualties have reached about 1.4 million, including between 400,000 and 450,000 deaths, while Ukraine's casualties are estimated between 525,000 and 625,000, with deaths ranging from 125,000 to 150,000.
The report highlights a casualty ratio of 8:1 in favor of Ukraine for the first half of 2026, a significant change from earlier ratios of 2:1 or 3:1. The estimates are based on data from various sources, including the UK Ministry of Defense and analyses from Russian news outlet Mediazona and the BBC Russian Service, as well as interviews with officials from the U.S. and Europe.
The report notes the challenges in accurately quantifying casualties due to the vested interests of both Ukraine and Russia in downplaying their own losses while exaggerating the enemy's. The confirmed number of Russian military deaths stands at 227,734, while estimates suggest that the true number may be significantly higher. For Ukraine, the confirmed military deaths since February 24, 2022, are reported at 103,418, with an additional 97,938 individuals listed as missing.
The report also discusses the historical context of the conflict, noting that the Russia-Ukraine war is one of the bloodiest conflicts involving major powers since World War II, with casualties surpassing those of many previous conflicts. It compares the war to other historical conflicts, emphasizing the unique nature of the current situation due to the technological capabilities of both sides.