The president of the American Anthropological Association (AAA), Carolyn M. Rouse, recently commented on the contentious issue of biological sex within the field of anthropology. Some anthropologists argue that biological sex is a binary concept, while others contend that this view contradicts established scientific understanding and poses risks to individuals' safety and dignity, as noted in an official AAA statement. In 2023, a panel advocating for the significance of biological sex was canceled at a major anthropology conference.
Rouse, who is also a tenured professor at Princeton University, expressed confusion regarding the debate during an interview with The Chronicle of Higher Education. She stated, "The idea that there are two sexes is just factually incorrect," and suggested that a simple online search would reveal the existence of various sexes and genders. Rouse criticized the belief in binary sex as "nonsensical" and likened it to astrology, questioning its relevance in anthropology.
The discussion highlights a divide among scholars, with some anthropologists, including Princeton's Agustín Fuentes, supporting the view that sex is not strictly binary. Rouse's remarks suggest a lack of understanding of the opposing perspective, which is common among many cultures throughout history. She dismissed the validity of a 2022 survey indicating that 42.4% of forensic anthropologists believe in binary sex, claiming that many respondents lacked advanced education.
Rouse's comments have sparked further discussion about the role of anthropology in understanding diverse human beliefs. Critics argue that her approach undermines the field's mission to comprehend human diversity and the significance of differing viewpoints. The debate continues as anthropologists navigate the complexities of biological sex and its implications for their discipline.