The Torkham crossing, known as "Zero Point", marks the transition for many deportees returning to Afghanistan from Pakistan. Nazia, a 35-year-old woman, expressed mixed feelings about her return, stating, "It feels good to be in my own country," despite having never been there before. She and her family, who were deported from Pakistan, are part of a significant cross-border movement, with the UNHCR reporting that six million people have returned to Afghanistan since the Taliban's takeover in August 2021. This year alone, one million have been forced to return due to crackdowns on undocumented migrants in Pakistan and Iran.
Charlie Goodlake, a spokesperson for the UNHCR, noted the unprecedented scale of this return movement, highlighting the humanitarian crisis faced by returnees. Many, like Sarwar, who left Afghanistan 45 years ago, are struggling to adapt to life in a country they barely know. Sarwar mentioned feeling heartbroken about being forced out of Pakistan but also relieved to escape harassment by authorities there.
The Pakistani government has stated it takes measures to prevent harassment of Afghan nationals, but many returnees report experiencing prejudice and mistreatment. Both Pakistan and Iran have intensified deportations, citing security concerns and financial burdens posed by Afghan migrants. Human Rights Watch has documented increased abuses, including raids and arrests.
The UN emphasizes that returns should be voluntary and safe, yet many returnees face dire conditions upon arrival. Zarina, a returnee, expressed concern for the future of women and girls in Afghanistan, where the Taliban has restricted their access to education. A former Afghan security guard, fearing for his safety, expressed distrust in the Taliban's amnesty for former officials.
Financial hardships are exacerbated by cuts in foreign aid, with the UN estimating that nearly half of Afghanistan's population requires assistance. The Taliban's Foreign Minister, Amir Khan Muttaqi, acknowledged the need for help but suggested that the return of deportees could ultimately benefit Afghanistan. However, the UN's assessments indicate that the humanitarian situation remains critical, with millions in need of support. The Taliban's restrictions on women and girls continue to hinder international relations, with only Russia recognizing their government formally. As returnees begin their lives anew, they face significant challenges in a country grappling with ongoing crises.