Questions regarding the role of Video Assistant Referee (VAR) in football have intensified as the new domestic season begins. VAR, which has been in use for a decade since its approval by the International Football Association Board (IFAB), has evolved from a tool to reduce human error to a technology that significantly influences game outcomes.
Susmit Gulavani, an assistant professor in AI and machine learning in sport at the University of South Carolina, stated, "The idea behind VAR was that technology could reduce human error while leaving the referee in charge." However, he noted that VAR's influence has expanded, particularly with the introduction of AI-assisted Semi-Automated Offside Technology (SAOT), which has raised expectations for perfect outcomes.
Gulavani explained that this expectation contributes to a phenomenon he describes as "mission creep," where VAR is now anticipated to resolve nearly every contentious decision, despite many situations still requiring human interpretation. This pursuit of perfection can lead to delays and confusion among fans, disrupting the fast-paced nature of the game.
In Germany, where VAR was introduced to the Bundesliga nine years ago, officials have recently expanded VAR's authority to include second yellow cards and corner kicks. This decision has faced backlash from organized fan groups, who argue that VAR has diminished the enjoyment of football. In August, these groups launched a campaign advocating for the removal of VAR.
Jochen Drees, head of VAR operations in Germany, has suggested refining the technology instead of eliminating it. Gulavani remarked that VAR exemplifies a broader societal trend of increasing reliance on technology, raising questions about privacy, transparency, accountability, and the role of human judgment.
While technology is becoming integral to sports, alternatives to VAR are being explored. For instance, the U20 men's football World Cup trialed a system allowing coaches to request reviews, similar to challenge cards in the NFL. This approach, known as Football Video Support (FVS), aims to reduce interruptions caused by constant replays and slow-motion assessments.
Gulavani emphasized the importance of using technology as decision support rather than replacement, noting that while AI can process information efficiently, it lacks the ability to fully grasp context, intent, or nuance in sporting decisions. The challenge remains for sports to balance technological advancements with maintaining human engagement and emotion in the game.