Fiji Declares National HIV Emergency Amid Rising Infection Rates

Fiji has declared a national emergency due to a significant increase in HIV cases. Recent data indicates that approximately one in 60 Fijians are now infected with HIV, a rise from one in 167 in 2019. In 2025, there were 2,016 new HIV infections reported, marking a 16-fold increase compared to seven years prior. The country also recorded 117 HIV-related deaths last year, a rise from 25 in 2021, including 17 deaths in children under one year old. Fijian Health Minister Antonio Lalabalavu stated, 'Today I am formally declaring a national health emergency in Fiji. This decision recognizes the seriousness of the epidemic and the urgent coordinated response our country now needs.' The UNAIDS program described the surge as 'one of the sharpest increases in new HIV infections globally.' UNAIDS Executive Director Winnie Byanyima emphasized that this situation serves as a reminder that AIDS is not over and that countries must be prepared to respond urgently. The outbreak is not confined to specific areas or populations, raising concerns about potential spread to other countries. Officials attribute the rise in cases to illicit drug use and unprotected sexual contact. HIV is transmitted through blood, semen, or vaginal fluids. Among drug users, sharing needles can facilitate transmission. The use of condoms in Fiji is reported to be low. The increase in drug use has been linked to economic challenges following the COVID-19 pandemic, which left many residents unemployed. UNAIDS estimates that 42% of those infected last year were diagnosed after injecting drugs, while half were diagnosed following sexual contact. In a population of approximately 938,000, an estimated 9,000 residents are currently infected with HIV, with only 39% aware of their status and 22% receiving treatment. Fiji, a popular tourist destination, received a record 779,000 visitors last year. The government has upgraded its response to the HIV outbreak, allowing for more free testing and treatment options. Harm reduction programs are being enhanced, including needle exchange services. Although there is no cure for HIV, modern treatments can help individuals manage the virus effectively. In contrast, many countries are experiencing declines in HIV cases, with the US reporting a 12% decrease in infections from 2018 to 2022.