Saudi Arabia Responds to Houthi Attacks on Airports and Oil Facilities

BEIRUT — On Saturday, a Houthi missile struck Terminal 3 of Riyadh's King Khalid International Airport, resulting in the deaths of 13 individuals, including a U.S. national, and injuring over 300 others. This incident marks the deadliest attack on Saudi Arabia in recent years, highlighting the ongoing conflict that many Saudis had previously perceived as distant. The Houthis' ability to launch attacks from 500 miles away has raised questions about the effectiveness of Saudi air defense systems, which have cost tens of billions of dollars. Wolf-Christian Paes, an associate fellow at the International Institute for Strategic Studies, stated that the situation indicates significant issues within the Saudi military's operational capabilities. Following the missile strike, videos circulated on social media showing passengers fleeing the terminal amid smoke and debris. In response to the attack, the airport was closed, leading to the cancellation of over 99% of flights, according to aviation analytics firm Cirium. The Houthis continued their assault by targeting another terminal building the following day, resulting in one additional fatality. The U.S. Embassy in Riyadh advised citizens to avoid the airport and surrounding areas. Amidst these escalating attacks and a lack of U.S. intervention, Saudi Arabia is seeking regional defense partnerships. The timing of the Houthi campaign coincided with the World Petroleum Congress, which Saudi Arabia was hosting, raising concerns about attendance and participation. In retaliation, the Saudi military conducted over 120 strikes on Houthi-held areas, including Sanaa, the Yemeni capital. Experts note the challenges faced by Saudi Arabia, which has a vast territory and numerous vulnerable targets. The conflict with the Houthis began in 2014 when they took control of Sanaa, prompting a Saudi-led military intervention. The ongoing war has resulted in a humanitarian crisis, with significant casualties reported. The Houthis have evolved into a more capable military force, receiving support from Iran and Hezbollah. A truce was established in 2022, but hostilities resumed following a Saudi airstrike on Sanaa airport. The renewed conflict comes as Saudi Arabia grapples with economic challenges and shifts in its energy export routes due to regional tensions. The Saudi military has a limited number of missile interceptors, and the situation raises questions about the kingdom's defense capabilities. Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman has called for international support, but U.S. assistance has been limited. Analysts suggest that a new understanding with the Houthis may be necessary, although it could involve difficult concessions for Saudi leaders.