North Korea conducts underwater-launched missile tests for the first time in nearly three years

North Korea conducted its first underwater-launched missile tests in nearly three years on Wednesday, likely from a submarine designed to launch nuclear weapons. The tests, reported by the Korean Central News Agency (KCNA), involved two types of strategic cruise missiles in the eastern waters of the country. The military stated that the tests aimed to assess the readiness of North Korea's underwater combat systems and demonstrate the reliability of its nuclear deterrent. KCNA did not specify the launch platform, but photos suggested the use of the "Hero Kim Kun Ok" submarine, which was unveiled in 2023. If confirmed, these would be the first public weapons tests from that submarine, indicating North Korea may have begun testing weapons systems for the vessel prior to its deployment. Experts note that this development poses a significant threat to South Korea and the US, as underwater missile launches are difficult to detect in advance. Previously, all underwater launches by North Korea were conducted from a 2,000-ton-class submarine with a single launch tube. The "Hero Kim Kun Ok" submarine is reported to have at least 10 missile launch tubes. Analysts have expressed skepticism about the submarine's capabilities, suggesting it may be a modification of an older diesel-fueled submarine. However, Wednesday's tests suggest that North Korea has resolved previous technical issues. The South Korean Joint Chiefs of Staff confirmed the detection of the launches and indicated that one missile was fired from a vertical launch tube and the other from a torpedo tube. North Korean leader Kim Jong Un has recently focused on strengthening the navy, and the country unveiled its first nuclear-powered submarine under construction in March 2025. The recent missile tests follow a series of weapons demonstrations, including hypersonic missile tests in September and October. North Korea has indicated a willingness to return to diplomacy if the US abandons its hostile policies and demands for denuclearization. The latest tests are seen as an effort by North Korea to gain leverage in potential negotiations with the US.