Iceland's referendum on whether to resume membership talks with the European Union is nearing conclusion, with results indicating a tight race. As of the latest count of 153,197 votes from an eligible 270,000 voters, 50.1% rejected the government's proposal, while 49.9% supported it, according to public broadcaster RUV, with only 435 votes separating the two sides.
Prime Minister Kristrún Frostadóttir's centre-left government had initially promised to hold a referendum by 2027 but expedited the process due to international tensions, including concerns related to US President Donald Trump's remarks about Greenland. The debate in Iceland, which has a population of nearly 400,000, has primarily focused on the fishing industry rather than security issues.
Iceland is already part of the EU's single market and the Schengen area, but full EU membership would involve joining the customs union and potentially adopting the euro. The country began its EU application in 2009 following the 2008 financial crisis and the collapse of its banking system. However, the application process was stalled in 2013 when a eurosceptic government took power, citing fishing rights as a significant concern.
The fishing and marine industries represent almost 40% of Iceland's exports, and many voters opposing EU membership fear losing control over their fishing grounds under the EU's common fisheries policy.
After casting her ballot in Reykjavik, Frostadóttir remarked on the importance of the day, stating, "This is a great day, we've been waiting for this for years to be able to have a vote," and emphasized that her government would continue its work regardless of the referendum's outcome.
The ballot question asked: "Should Iceland resume accession negotiations with the European Union?" A Yes vote would initiate discussions towards an accession agreement, which would require approval in a subsequent referendum. Conversely, a No vote would not eliminate the possibility of future negotiations.
While economic factors have been central to the referendum discussions, security concerns have also been raised. Iceland, a founding member of NATO, lacks a military and depends on its allies for defense. The country has supported Ukraine amid Russia's invasion and has expressed alarm over increased Russian naval activities near its waters. Additionally, Trump's interest in Greenland has contributed to the security dialogue surrounding the referendum.